Conventions of a Thriller Opening
-One of the opening shots of thriller films tends to be the establishing
shot. This shows the setting and can sometimes give the feeling that a
character (or characters) is being watched. The images below are examples of establishing shots in the opening of thriller films.
-Some thriller movies include a red herring, which is something that is
misleading and distracts from the main story. They are used to keep the
audience’s interest and create twists in the story. Alfred Hitchcock used these
for a lot of his films.
- Music plays over the top of the opening in thriller
films and increases in volume for suspense to build at key points. Non-diegetic
sound can complement visuals by matching the pace of it, like if the music
crescendos for the build-up and then goes silent at the climax. The
high-pitched screech sounds used in Psycho for the murder in the shower adds
horror and is eerie as it is a non-diegetic sound, yet matches the stabbing
movements in the scene. There are also many non-diegetic sounds in the credits
for ‘Seven’. We here screeches and thuds that create a sound collage to make a
more disturbing and complex atmosphere.
-Narratives in thrillers often show a fight against good and evil, and involve an increasing amount of threat and danger for the protagonist. The narrative is often shown from the perspective of the protagonist. A common narrative technique is the flashback which can be seen in the opening of ‘Shutter Island’ when we find out about the protagonist’s family.
-Weapons, police cars and fake blood are conventional props for thrillers. The weapons show what power the characters have, and also give a feeling of suspense as violence or a fight could easily occur. Conventional settings are often old houses or small rooms. Examples of films taking place in small spaces are The Panic Room and Phone booth. This can give a claustrophobic feeling to a situation and it can be made worse when the protagonist cannot escape.
The following are examples of thriller sub-genres:
We chose
psychological to be the sub-genre of our thriller opening. This was because it
was a very popular answer in the questionnaires that we handed out and we would
therefore know that people would be more likely to enjoy watching it. I also
really like this sub-genre, and I thought that it was important to create
something that I knew I would appreciate watching myself, as I would have a
good vision of what it should be like. The fact that I like psychological
thrillers very much means that I had a lot to compare ours to as well, and had
good knowledge of what is conventional and what is not for this sub-genre. It
influenced our ideas and style for the opening.
One of the
common elements of psychological thrillers is having unusual costumes for
characters to make it seem like it is set in an almost nightmarish world. A
good example of this is in Donnie Darko; the mysterious character Frank wears a
bunny costume with a skull-like mask for a face with lifeless eyes and large
teeth. This is incredibly sinister because a rabbit is supposed to be something
endearing and loveable but the design of the costume twists this into something
that is feared. Along with this, the film takes place around Halloween causing
the protagonist to wear a skeleton costume later on. These costumes give the
film quite a nightmarish atmosphere especially because it is a very odd and
dream-like film anyway. On the other hand some psychological thrillers have the
characters wearing everyday clothes that aren’t particularly memorable. This is
because a lot of films of this kind are supposed to take place in an ordinary
environment that the audience can recognise and be familiar with, adding to
realism too which is important in a thriller. It makes them feel like the
events in the film could easily happen to them, making it a more thrilling
experience. An example of a psychological thriller that shows this is ‘Psycho’.
Another way in which this technique creates tension is that the killer in the
film is wearing clothes that any ordinary person would. There would be no way
of knowing that he is the killer, because he is not dressed in a memorable or
rare fashion.
In our thriller the protagonist wore a white dress. There were many reasons why we chose this; the white colour can represent innocence and purity, it also looks slightly angelic so foreshadows that the girl is soon to be murdered and it is quite unusual that a teenage girl would be walking around on her own on a cold day in something like this. It is also quite an old-fashioned style so works with the style of the house and the doll. The thriller film ‘Orphan’ was partly an inspiration for our costume choice. The antagonist is a young girl that wears an old-fashioned kind of dress. This breaks conventions for a thriller because the villain is made to look innocent and harmless, and we took the idea of looking innocent but for a more conventional character. Having a victim made to look innocent gives the idea that they are helpless when they are in danger. The dress being white is also important for the narrative of our opening because it is the same colour as the dead girls’ T-shirts in the photos, foreshadowing that she is next to be murdered.
The lighting is an important aspect of
mise-en-scene and is conventionally dark in thrillers. I know this from
watching many thriller films that include it, and that it also rated highly in
our questionnaire responses. There will usually be lots of
shadows and not everything will be easy to see. Low key lighting makes it hard
to see what is happening, if someone is approaching etc. Lighting can also be
used to represent characters, for example if there is low key lighting used as
the antagonist of the film enters, it could reflect the darkness within them. The
lack of light can be because the particular part of the film is set at night or
in a dimly lit room. Sometimes the only thing supplying the light is a few
candles or very dim lights. In our opening we used this convention very well.
We used mostly the natural light coming through windows so it was dark, but not
so that you could not see anything. The only time when we used a light in the
house was when the girl switches one on when she enters the messy room. We also
put a filter effect on the film after so it would be even darker, and there
would be a sense of the footage being old and dated. We originally planned to
use candles, but we felt that the light in the house was ideal anyway, and
candles may not show up well on camera.
In the opening credits and opening scene of ‘Seven’ there is an extreme lack of light. It is quite eerie because it is difficult to see what people are doing, and that anything could happen. It is also very appropriate as the mood of the film is very dark, as are the characters.
Conventional props that the audience will expect usually give the impression that there is danger soon to occur or that has occurred. Examples include blood, dead bodies, body parts and disturbing images. These are examples of props that show something unpleasant has gone on, while others like a gun, knife, other weapons and alcohol foreshadow that disturbing or violent things are likely and soon to happen. Props can also be just objects that are unusual to see in a particular environment. In our thriller, we had an old-fashioned Victorian doll which was quite haunting because it seems out of place in the house/room that is covered in rubbish, blood and disturbing photos. It is therefore more memorable because it is so strange to see. We used a lot of these props in our film; blood, a dead body, disturbing images and a gun (although this was not seen, you could hear the sound effect). The props that gave quite a distressing atmosphere were revealed more as the film went on. The dead body, gun and most of the blood were shown more to the end. However, we did challenge this by having the blood covered photos appearing at the beginning. This helped the narrative to stay interesting, and not on one level. The picture above is of one of the scenes towards the end of Evil Dead, which is a hybrid of thriller and horror and I found it very useful to look at because it was a good example of a thriller that builds tension. An enormous amount of blood is seen along with a chainsaw. This will obviously be a scene involving danger and harm, making the audience feel suspenseful because you don’t know who is going to be killed or when, but you know it will happen.
The settings of psychological thrillers work
similarly to the costumes. They are either completely extraordinary, making it
bewildering for the audience because they do not know what to expect. An
example of this is in the film ‘Shutter Island’. The movie is set in a
mental asylum on an island. It is eerie because the audience are unlikely to
know what asylums are like, the island is isolated from anywhere else and the
main character will be trapped there with dangerous mental patients. The other
option for settings in psychological thrillers is that they can be set in a
normal environment, so it is even stranger when events that are out of the
ordinary happen. We followed the first convention and set ours in an
old-fashioned house called Red Hall. It was ideal because it is very large
which gives the feeling that anything could be hiding in there and it was built
in the 17th century, which helps our objective to make the audience
unsure of when the film is taking place. The doll, the dress and the hall are
all of quite an old style, but other parts of the opening contradict it; in the
photo of the girl being stalked she is wearing jeans and a T shirt and there
are modern newspapers on the floor in the room. I think that this was effective
because the confusion of the time in which it takes place is unclear- it could
have been recently or a long time ago.
Sound is another important part of the
mise-en-scene of a psychological thriller. There will not usually be a lot of
dialogue in the opening. I know this because people answering the questionnaire
said that they find it builds tension as opposed to having a lot of talking. I
have also seen the convention in thriller openings such as ‘No Country for Old
Men’ and ‘Alien’, and found it to build tension very well, so I was influenced
even more to do it. The soundtrack, or music, can also create an atmosphere
when used effectively. For psychological thrillers, the music will usually be
ambient and will build along with the action on screen to emphasise the
tension. It will usually crescendo as the action reaches its climax. Sometimes
the soundtrack is made up of a collection of noises like a soundscape. A
perfect example of this is in the opening of ‘Seven’. It is made up of a lot of
different sounds like screaming, screeches, thudding etc. This opening was a
really big inspiration for me, especially with the soundtrack.
We researched on the internet to find a website
where we could get appropriate sound effects from. We found one called
freeSFX.co.uk and as we knew the sorts of sounds we wanted we were able to find
some quite easily. We downloaded a range of them so that we had a lot to choose
from. We also recorded some of our own sound effects. I own an electric piano
that has sound effect settings on, and one of them was a heartbeat. We used
this in the build up to the climax when all of the disturbing images are
flashing up on screen. It helps the audience to understand how the protagonist
is feeling, to sympathise with them.
Establishing shots are very common in the
openings to psychological thrillers. They help to show the setting for the
film, in a lot of cases a vast and isolated location - so when unusual events
happen there will not be anyone to know or help. We did film an establishing
shot that showed the whole outside of the house where the story is set. In the
end we did not use it because we had too much footage of the girl approaching
the house and we thought that this dragged out too long, and the audience may
lose interest. Another conventional shot
is the mid shot which allows the audience to see the expressions of characters,
and know how they are feeling while also seeing what they are doing and what is
happening in the background. We used a lot of these shots because they were
useful in showing the fearful expression on the girl’s face, but you can still
see a lot of the room in which the girl is standing. Close-ups are also used to
show expressions and can give a claustrophobic and disorientating feeling. This
works well because psychological thrillers are intended to make you feel
uncomfortable and uneasy. The only close-up that we used was right at the end
when the girl is shot. I think that this gives it more meaning as it highlights
how dramatic the moment is, because it is the only time this shot is used. It
also shows the shock the girl gets, shown by her stunned expression.
By comparing our opening to that of the thriller
film ‘Evil Dead’ you can see the conventions that we used and developed, and
others that we broke.
On the left is the first shot of our thriller
opening- a close up on the girl’s hand covered in blood. This can be seen in
‘Evil Dead’ also, as the girl is walking through a forest with blood dripping
down her hand. The convention here is that there is a close-up on a blood
covered body part, which builds tension as someone has been injured and there
is danger around. One of the differences is that in our shot it is framed so
that the hand is central. However in the other thriller the hand is in the
right third of the screen, but it is still the focus point.
We can see
similarities in these shots as they both introduce the main female character.
It is also difficult to see the girl clearly in each one because of the low key
lighting which creates an air of mystery. This means that we followed a
convention in narrative because there is a lone female victim in a strange
environment (in ours an old house, in the ‘Evil Dead’ a forest). The camerawork
is different though, as our shot is still, but in the professional film it is a
slow panning shot. We did not follow this convention because it can suggest
that the camera is the point of view of someone or something that is watching
the girl from further down the corridor. A similarity is that both characters
seem to be eager to get somewhere, but are both still hesitant about what they
might find.
This is another
interesting comparison because both shots are close-ups on the feet as the girl
travels further. This is a convention seen in thrillers because –like the shot
of the arm- the composition used means that we only see one part of the body.
By only seeing parts of the picture we put them together to understand what
could be happening. If we do not see all that is happening at once, other
things could be going on that we are not aware of, which will make the audience
feel on edge. Our shot differs from the one on the right, because another
reason for using it was to emphasise the presence of the doll. The viewers’
eyes will be drawn to the doll and will realise it is a significant prop.
A convention of the
titles for a psychological thriller is that the text will be a contrasting
colour to the background, usually black and white or black and red. This means
that the screen will be just two colours, but we broke the convention by having
an image as our background. This allowed us to continue the action of the film
while having the credits throughout. I think that the image works really well
and is far more interesting than just two colours. Text will also usually be
bold and in capitals but we did not follow this convention either. We did plan
to have the text actually written on the photo, but as we were running out of
time we decided to use a font on iMovie. I feel that this did not work as well,
because it was not very bold and I’m not sure that the font was suitable; it
should have been much larger.
We used a popular
convention in our opening and that was the protagonist hearing a noise and
there is a reaction shot of her being scared. This actually appears in ‘Evil
Dead’ as well. It is useful in building tension because there is a chance that
someone is following or watching the character. The difference is that in our
narrative, it turns out that –this time- the noise was just the door closing
and the girl was being paranoid. In ‘Evil Dead’ the girl has actually heard
someone that is following her.
We included a conventional prop- a sacred book. We
had a defaced bible that showed how obsessive the antagonist is. In ‘Evil Dead’
they have a book that seems to be from some sort of disturbing cult because
when read from, bad things happen.
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